Word List
Year 10 Vocabulary List
Year 10 students need a stronger command of analytical language, rhetorical terms, and evidence-based expression. This list supports the shift from competent writing to disciplined academic argument.
Good for
Year 10 students building toward senior English, humanities, and exam-style written responses.
Focus
Interpretive language, argument structure, close analysis, and precise subject vocabulary.
Print this list to keep a compact copy for offline study.
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001
Word
achieve
verb
Meaning
To succeed in something, now especially in academic performance.
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002
Word
acquisition
noun
Meaning
The act or process of acquiring.
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003
Word
administration
noun
Meaning
The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.
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004
Word
affect
verb
Meaning
To influence or alter.
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005
Word
alternative
noun
Meaning
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities.
#
006
Word
analysis
noun
Meaning
Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).
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007
Word
approach
noun
Meaning
The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near.
#
008
Word
appropriate
verb
Meaning
To make suitable; to suit.
#
009
Word
area
noun
Meaning
A measure of the extent of a surface; it is measured in square units.
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010
Word
aspects
noun
Meaning
Any specific feature, part, or element of something.
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011
Word
assessment
noun
Meaning
The act of assessing or an amount (of tax, levy or duty etc) assessed.
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012
Word
assistance
noun
Meaning
Aid; help; the act or result of assisting.
#
013
Word
assume
verb
Meaning
To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof
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014
Word
authority
noun
Meaning
The power to enforce rules or give orders.
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015
Word
available
adjective
Meaning
Such as one may avail oneself of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose.
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016
Word
benefit
noun
Meaning
An advantage; help or aid from something.
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017
Word
categories
noun
Meaning
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria.
#
018
Word
chapter
noun
Meaning
(authorship) One of the main sections into which the text of a book is divided.
#
019
Word
circumstances
noun
Meaning
That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things.
#
020
Word
comments
noun
Meaning
A spoken or written remark.
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021
Word
commission
noun
Meaning
A sending or mission (to do or accomplish something).
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022
Word
community
noun
Meaning
A group sharing a common understanding, and often the same language, law, manners, and/or tradition.
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023
Word
compensation
noun
Meaning
The act or principle of compensating.
#
024
Word
complex
noun
Meaning
A network of interconnected systems.
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025
Word
component
noun
Meaning
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.
#
026
Word
computer
noun
Meaning
A person employed to perform computations; one who computes.
#
027
Word
concept
noun
Meaning
An abstract and general idea; an abstraction.
#
028
Word
conclusion
noun
Meaning
The end, finish, close or last part of something.
#
029
Word
conduct
noun
Meaning
The act or method of controlling or directing
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030
Word
consent
noun
Meaning
Voluntary agreement or permission.
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031
Word
consequences
noun
Meaning
That which follows something on which it depends; that which is produced by a cause.
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032
Word
considerable
noun
Meaning
A thing to be considered, consideration.
#
033
Word
consistent
noun
Meaning
(in the plural) Objects or facts that are coexistent, or in agreement with one another.
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034
Word
constant
noun
Meaning
That which is permanent or invariable.
#
035
Word
constitutional
noun
Meaning
A walk that is taken regularly for good health and wellbeing.
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036
Word
constraints
noun
Meaning
Something that constrains; a restriction.
#
037
Word
construction
noun
Meaning
The process of constructing.
#
038
Word
consumer
noun
Meaning
One who, or that which, consumes.
#
039
Word
contention
noun
Meaning
Argument, contest, debate, strife, struggle.
#
040
Word
context
noun
Meaning
The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.
#
041
Word
contract
noun
Meaning
An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.
#
042
Word
contribution
noun
Meaning
Something given or offered that adds to a larger whole.
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043
Word
convention
noun
Meaning
A meeting or gathering.
#
044
Word
coordination
noun
Meaning
The act of coordinating, making different people or things work together for a goal or effect.
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045
Word
core
noun
Meaning
The central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds.
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046
Word
corporate
noun
Meaning
A bond issued by a corporation.
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047
Word
corresponding
verb
Meaning
(constructed with to) To be equivalent or similar in character, quantity, quality, origin, structure, function etc.
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048
Word
create
verb
Meaning
To bring into existence; (sometimes in particular:)
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049
Word
credit
noun
Meaning
Reliance on the truth of something said or done; faith; trust.
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050
Word
criteria
noun
Meaning
A single criterion.
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051
Word
cultural
adjective
Meaning
Pertaining to culture.
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052
Word
data
noun
Meaning
(plural: data) A measurement of something on a scale understood by both the recorder (a person or device) and the reader (another person or device). The scale is arbitrarily defined, such as from 1 to 10 by ones, 1 to 100 by 0.1, or simply true or false, on or off, yes, no, or maybe, etc.
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053
Word
deduction
noun
Meaning
That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed
#
054
Word
definition
noun
Meaning
A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).
#
055
Word
demonstrate
verb
Meaning
To show how to use (something).
#
056
Word
derived
verb
Meaning
To obtain or receive (something) from something else.
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057
Word
design
noun
Meaning
A specification of an object or process, referring to requirements to be satisfied and thus conditions to be met for them to solve a problem.
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058
Word
discourse
noun
Meaning
Verbal exchange, conversation.
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059
Word
distinction
noun
Meaning
That which distinguishes; a single occurrence of a determining factor or feature, the fact of being divided; separation, discrimination.
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060
Word
distribution
noun
Meaning
An act of distributing or state of being distributed.
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061
Word
document
noun
Meaning
An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.
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062
Word
dominant
noun
Meaning
The fifth major tone of a musical scale (five major steps above the note in question); thus G is the dominant of C, A of D, and so on.
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063
Word
economic
adjective
Meaning
Pertaining to an economy.
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064
Word
elements
noun
Meaning
One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
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065
Word
emerged
verb
Meaning
To come into view.
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066
Word
emphasis
noun
Meaning
Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.
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067
Word
ensure
verb
Meaning
To make a pledge to (someone); to promise, guarantee (someone of something); to assure.
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068
Word
environment
noun
Meaning
The surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.
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069
Word
equation
noun
Meaning
The act or process of equating two or more things, or the state of those things being equal (that is, identical).
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070
Word
established
verb
Meaning
To make stable or firm; to confirm.
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071
Word
estimate
noun
Meaning
A rough calculation or assessment of the value, size, or cost of something.
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072
Word
evaluate
verb
Meaning
To draw conclusions from examining; to assess.
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073
Word
evaluation
noun
Meaning
An assessment, such as an annual personnel performance review used as the basis for a salary increase or bonus, or a summary of a particular situation.
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074
Word
evidence
noun
Meaning
Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
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075
Word
excluded
verb
Meaning
To bar (someone) from entering; to keep out.
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076
Word
export
noun
Meaning
Something that is exported
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077
Word
factors
noun
Meaning
A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization.
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078
Word
features
noun
Meaning
One's structure or make-up: form, shape, bodily proportions.
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079
Word
final
noun
Meaning
A final examination; a test or examination given at the end of a term or class; the test that concludes a class.
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080
Word
financial
adjective
Meaning
Related to finances.
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081
Word
focus
noun
Meaning
A point at which reflected or refracted rays of light converge.
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082
Word
formula
noun
Meaning
Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically.
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083
Word
framework
noun
Meaning
A support structure comprising joined parts or conglomerated particles and intervening open spaces of similar or larger size.
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084
Word
function
noun
Meaning
What something does or is used for.
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085
Word
funds
noun
Meaning
A sum or source of money.
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086
Word
goals
noun
Meaning
A result that one is attempting to achieve.
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087
Word
hence
adverb
Meaning
From here, from this place, away
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088
Word
identified
verb
Meaning
To establish the identity of someone or something.
#
089
Word
illustrated
verb
Meaning
To shed light upon.
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090
Word
immigration
noun
Meaning
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.
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091
Word
impact
noun
Meaning
The striking of one body against another; collision.
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092
Word
implementation
noun
Meaning
The process of moving an idea from concept to reality. In business, engineering and other fields, implementation refers to the building process rather than the design process.
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093
Word
implies
verb
Meaning
(of a proposition) to have as a necessary consequence
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094
Word
income
noun
Meaning
Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.
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095
Word
indicate
verb
Meaning
To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
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096
Word
individual
noun
Meaning
A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.
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097
Word
infer
verb
Meaning
To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence.
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098
Word
inference
noun
Meaning
The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.
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099
Word
initial
noun
Meaning
The first letter of a word or a name.
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100
Word
injury
noun
Meaning
Damage to the body of a human or animal.
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101
Word
instance
noun
Meaning
Urgency of manner or words; an urgent request; insistence.
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102
Word
institute
noun
Meaning
An organization founded to promote a cause
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103
Word
interaction
noun
Meaning
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
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104
Word
internal
adjective
Meaning
Inside of something
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105
Word
interpret
verb
Meaning
To explain or tell the meaning of; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms. applied especially to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.
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106
Word
interpretation
noun
Meaning
An act of interpreting or explaining what is obscure; a translation; a version; a construction.
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107
Word
investment
noun
Meaning
The act of investing, or state of being invested.
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108
Word
involved
verb
Meaning
To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.
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109
Word
issues
noun
Meaning
The action or an instance of flowing or coming out, an outflow, particularly:
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110
Word
items
noun
Meaning
A distinct physical object.
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111
Word
journal
noun
Meaning
A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook.
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112
Word
justification
noun
Meaning
A reason, explanation, or excuse which provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
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113
Word
labour
noun
Meaning
Effort expended on a particular task; toil, work.
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114
Word
layer
noun
Meaning
A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
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115
Word
legal
noun
Meaning
The legal department of a company.
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116
Word
legislation
noun
Meaning
The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws; the laws enacted.
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117
Word
link
noun
Meaning
Some text or a graphic in an electronic document that can be activated to display another document or trigger an action.
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118
Word
location
noun
Meaning
A particular point or place in physical space.
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119
Word
maintenance
noun
Meaning
Actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.
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120
Word
major
noun
Meaning
A military rank between captain and lieutenant colonel.
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121
Word
maximum
noun
Meaning
The highest limit
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122
Word
method
noun
Meaning
A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process):
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123
Word
minorities
noun
Meaning
The state of being a minor; youth, the period of a person's life prior to reaching adulthood.
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124
Word
negative
noun
Meaning
Refusal or withholding of assents; prohibition, veto
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125
Word
normal
noun
Meaning
A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
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126
Word
nuance
noun
Meaning
A minor distinction.
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127
Word
obtained
verb
Meaning
To get hold of; to gain possession of, to procure; to acquire, in any way.
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128
Word
occupational
adjective
Meaning
Of, belonging or relating to an occupation (in any sense).
#
129
Word
occur
verb
Meaning
To happen or take place.
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130
Word
outcomes
noun
Meaning
That which is produced or occurs as a result of an event or process.
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131
Word
overall
noun
Meaning
A garment worn over other clothing to protect it; a coverall or boiler suit. A garment, for manual labor or for casual wear, often made of a single piece of fabric, with long legs and a bib upper, supported from the shoulders with straps, and having several large pockets and loops for carrying tools.
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132
Word
participation
noun
Meaning
The act of participating, of taking part in something.
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133
Word
partnership
noun
Meaning
The state of being associated with a partner.
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134
Word
perceived
verb
Meaning
To become aware of, through the physical senses or by thinking; to see; to understand.
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135
Word
percent
noun
Meaning
A percentage, a proportion (especially per hundred).
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136
Word
period
noun
Meaning
A length of time.
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137
Word
philosophy
noun
Meaning
The love of wisdom.
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138
Word
physical
noun
Meaning
Physical examination.
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139
Word
policy
noun
Meaning
A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body.
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140
Word
positive
noun
Meaning
A thing capable of being affirmed; something real or actual.
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141
Word
potential
noun
Meaning
Currently unrealized ability (with the most common adposition being to)
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142
Word
previous
noun
Meaning
An existing criminal record (short for "previous convictions")
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143
Word
primary
noun
Meaning
A primary election; a preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party.
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144
Word
principle
noun
Meaning
A fundamental assumption or guiding belief.
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145
Word
procedure
noun
Meaning
A particular method for performing a task.
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146
Word
process
noun
Meaning
A series of events which produce a result (the product).
#
147
Word
project
noun
Meaning
A planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages.
#
148
Word
proportion
noun
Meaning
A quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number.
#
149
Word
published
verb
Meaning
To issue (something, such as printed work) for distribution and/or sale.
#
150
Word
purchase
noun
Meaning
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.
#
151
Word
range
noun
Meaning
A line or series of mountains, buildings, etc.
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152
Word
reaction
noun
Meaning
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.
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153
Word
regime
noun
Meaning
Mode of rule or management.
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154
Word
region
noun
Meaning
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.
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155
Word
registered
verb
Meaning
To enter in a register.
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156
Word
regulations
noun
Meaning
The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated.
#
157
Word
relevant
adjective
Meaning
Directly related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.
#
158
Word
reliance
noun
Meaning
The act of relying (on or in someone or something); trust.
#
159
Word
removed
verb
Meaning
To move something from one place to another, especially to take away.
#
160
Word
required
verb
Meaning
To ask (someone) for something; to request.
#
161
Word
research
noun
Meaning
Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc.; laborious or continued search after truth.
#
162
Word
resident
noun
Meaning
A person, animal or plant living at a certain location or in a certain area.
#
163
Word
resources
noun
Meaning
Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
#
164
Word
response
noun
Meaning
An answer or reply, or something in the nature of an answer or reply.
#
165
Word
restricted
verb
Meaning
To restrain within boundaries; to limit; to confine
#
166
Word
retained
verb
Meaning
To keep in possession or use.
#
167
Word
rhetoric
noun
Meaning
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.
#
168
Word
role
noun
Meaning
A character or part played by a performer or actor.
#
169
Word
scheme
noun
Meaning
A systematic plan of future action.
#
170
Word
section
noun
Meaning
A cutting; a part cut out from the rest of something.
#
171
Word
sector
noun
Meaning
Section
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172
Word
security
noun
Meaning
The condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially.
#
173
Word
select
verb
Meaning
To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options.
#
174
Word
sequence
noun
Meaning
A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series
#
175
Word
sex
noun
Meaning
A category into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species.
#
176
Word
shift
noun
Meaning
A modifier key whose main function is shifting between two or more functions of any of certain other keys (usually by pressing Shift and the other button simultaneously).
#
177
Word
significant
noun
Meaning
That which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.
#
178
Word
similar
noun
Meaning
That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.
#
179
Word
site
noun
Meaning
Sorrow, grief.
#
180
Word
sought
verb
Meaning
To try to find; to look for; to search for.
#
181
Word
source
noun
Meaning
The person, place or thing from which something (information, goods, etc.) comes or is acquired.
#
182
Word
specific
noun
Meaning
A distinguishing attribute or quality.
#
183
Word
specified
adjective
Meaning
Thoroughly explained.
#
184
Word
strategies
noun
Meaning
The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare.
#
185
Word
structure
noun
Meaning
A cohesive whole built up of distinct parts.
#
186
Word
substantiated
verb
Meaning
To verify something by supplying evidence; to authenticate or corroborate
#
187
Word
sufficient
adjective
Meaning
Equal to the end proposed; adequate to what is needed; enough
#
188
Word
survey
noun
Meaning
The act of surveying; a general view.
#
189
Word
synthesis
noun
Meaning
The formation of something complex or coherent by combining simpler things.
#
190
Word
task
noun
Meaning
A piece of work done as part of one’s duties.
#
191
Word
technical
noun
Meaning
A pickup truck with a gun mounted on it.
#
192
Word
techniques
noun
Meaning
The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
#
193
Word
technology
noun
Meaning
The organization of knowledge for practical purposes.
#
194
Word
text
noun
Meaning
A writing consisting of multiple glyphs, characters, symbols or sentences.
#
195
Word
theory
noun
Meaning
A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
#
196
Word
traditional
noun
Meaning
A person with traditional beliefs.
#
197
Word
transfer
noun
Meaning
The act of conveying or removing something from one place, person or thing to another.
#
198
Word
validity
noun
Meaning
The state of being valid, authentic or genuine.
#
199
Word
variables
noun
Meaning
Something that is variable.
#
200
Word
volume
noun
Meaning
A three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric, cubic inches or cubic feet in English measurement.
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