That if I then had wait’d after long sleepe.
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ill make me sleepe agam, and then in dreamingThe clouds methought would open, and show richesReady to drop vpon me, that when I wak’dI cride to dreame againe. The gulf between him and his colleagues yawns again in Stephano’scomment upon this- This will preue a braue kingdome to me, where I shallHaue my Musike for nothing. But in Caliban’s comment upon fAir-“When Prospero is destroye’d”—we are reminded of his third nature, or rather of the disposition thatgoverns, for action and in the commonwealth, both his representative(or lower) and higher natures. This disposition (recognized by Cali-ban himself in “You taught me Language, and my profit on’t, / Is,I know how to curse”) is unregenerate and malicious, extending todesigns of rape and murder, which require frustration, demand pumsh-ment, and make inevitable his status of slave. He is not master of him-self, and therefore the freedom of Anel is out of the question forhim- he must be permanently mastered. One of his Imes editors takeas drunken nonsense. Caliban is fooling around with his name: “ ’Ban,’Ban, Cacaliban.” Shakespeare is not fooling around, however. “Ban”means curse, and the first two syllables of “Cacahban” are suggestive-they suggest “cacodeman” (or devil)— a word the poet had appliedtwenty years before to Richard III, who is also deformed. Prosperofinally, in Act IV, calls him “a devil.” We may wonder whetherProspero’s nature— in the dramatist’s intention— has not been souredpartly by his failure with the education of Caliban— “on whom mypaines Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost . . .” We are ready, perhaps, for a more detailed formulation. Sover-eignty is implied by society. It should be based on power, and powershould be based on learning. Work is necessary, and it should bework done on contract, with its end in view by the ruler, exceptwhere the subject is unable to enter into a contract because he cannotbe depended upon to fulfill it; such cases exist, and are not incompat-ible with the possession of considerable and even elevated facultiesotherwise than in the matter of self-mastery. Contract is strongestwhen triply based: on gratitude backward, present fear, and confi- 77
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